Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPIA)

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPIA)2024-10-01T18:02:29-07:00

HPAI Confirmed in California Dairy Cattle

September 6, 2024

With confirmation of HPAI H5N1 on California dairies, producers are asking what they should do to protect their herds from “Bird Flu”. The information below was developed with the assistance of CDFA and other national experts. While there is no single “Silver Bullet” which ensures complete protection from the virus, our current understanding of the virus suggests the action-items below may be the most effective.

Protecting Your Herd

By far the most important precautions producers can take are ones that can be implemented unilaterally and immediately:

If it’s not possible to close your herd, the best protection is rigid adherence to a 30-day isolation period for new or returning cattle. Isolation paired with pre-movement testing offers the greatest protection. CDFA offers free voluntary testing demonstrating either your herd, or a source herd, is disease free. For more information, contact your local CDFA district office. For heifers raised off-site, ensure that springers are either tested before movement and/or returned to the dairy and quarantined 30 days prior to calving.

In order to be effective, the isolation area will not allow nose-to-nose contact with resident cows and will not share a water source. Such isolation requirements may be difficult to meet on the home dairy and use of an alternative isolation location may be necessary. Isolation should also apply to returning show or fair animals.

Almost two thirds of new Michigan dairy infections did not involve transfer of live animals. This suggests that cleaning and disinfection before and after use of shared vehicles with an approved disinfectant is critical. If at all possible, use only your own trailers to transport only your own animals.

Unpublished data suggest that physical virus transfer by people is critically important in disease spread. This makes sharing employees a high-risk practice. A powerful biosecurity practice is for farm employees to use farm-specific boots and coveralls that never leave the dairy. This practice becomes even more important if you can’t prevent employees from having outside animal contact.

All delivery vehicles (feed, milk tankers, rendering) should use designated paths and parking areas that do not cross farm vehicle paths. Milk tankers require special consideration. See below.

Infected milk is the primary method of disease spread. Producers should understand what PPE and hygiene practices processors expect from their haulers. Processors may choose to dedicate certain trucks for use only on infected farms. Producers can also have employees clean and disinfect the milk house after milk pick-ups, with special attention to milk spilled during transfer. See page 34 of USDA’s Secure Milk Supply (SMS) program’s standards for Raw Milk Collection & TransportThe SMS biosecurity standards were developed for use during a Foot and Mouth Disease outbreak, but will also be effective in limiting HPAI spread between dairy farms.

CDFA and CDQAP delivered a webinar on best practices for dairy visitors. See this article which includes a checklist and a link to the webinar’s recording. In addition, work with essential visitors (veterinarians, AI and equipment technicians, hoof trimmers) to develop biosecurity plans tailored to their function.

Early segregation of infected animals into a hospital string can greatly limit within-herd spread and financial losses. Train and empower employees to both follow your farm’s biosecurity protocols as well as report suspicious symptoms in cattle. English and Spanish training aids for employees are available.

If importing cattle from outside California is unavoidable, make sure your out-of-state veterinarian has completed a Certificate of Veterinary Inspection (CVI or ”health papers, valid for only 7 days), entry permits and pre-movement testing. See requirements here.

The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) has PPE recommendations for farm workers who handle raw milk in English and Spanish. Disposable gloves and N95 masks, along with non-disposable personal goggles or face shield, provides robust protection. At a minimum, producers should empower employees to report illness, particularly with respiratory, cold/flu or eye symptoms, so they may seek medical attention and treatment. Producers should also strongly discourage employee consumption of raw, unpasteurized milk from the farm.

Request PPE

To request PPE, please fill out the form, and we will place the order for you. If you have any questions, please reach out to us at [email protected].

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Additional Resources

New Fact Sheets from AABP, NMPF and FARM – The American Association of Bovine Practitioners, the National Milk Producers Federation and the national FARM program released on August 28th 2024 three new collaborative fact sheets that benefit from the most recent laboratory research and epidemiologic studies.

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